The quarter started with an upbeat tone amid synchronised global growth, however that dissipated very quickly.
Market Commentary
The quarter started with an upbeat tone amid synchronised global growth, however that dissipated very quickly. The European Central Bank (ECB) starting to taper their quantitative easing (QE); the Fed continuing with rate hike; and rising inflationary pressure in the US weighed on markets throughout the quarter. March was, in particular, a very eventful month that kept markets on their toes. News around US imposing trade tariffs on China, Trump’s top economic advisor Gary Cohn‘s resignation and concerns over a hawkish Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) exacerbated the sell-off in Asian credit market. JACI ended the quarter in negative territory with a return of -1.46%. Spreads ended the quarter 10bps wider at 232 bps, while 10 year US treasury yield rose by 33bps to 2.74%. Investment grade underperformed high yield with returns at -1.46% and -1.02% respectively. By countries, the largest underperformers were Indonesia, Philippines and the frontier markets such as Sri Lanka and Pakistan, all of which were amongst the top performers in 2017.
The news that rattled the markets hardest was Trump administration’s decision to impose 25% duty on steel and 10% on aluminium. This led to a sharp sell-off which was especially pronounced in the steel related names including Tata Steel and JSW steel. Even though the economic impact up to this point is not likely to be too significant, markets were more concerned about this escalating into a full blown trade war between the US and China. Adding to the uncertain sentiments, Gary Cohn resigned from his position of National Economic Council Director, apparently after failing to persuade Trump against the tariffs. During the quarter the Federal Reserve raised US interest rates by 0.25%, which was widely expected and paved the way for more hikes should economic conditions continue to improve.
The National People’s Congress of China was held during the quarter. Key takeaways included growth target at around 6.5% for 2018 which is the same as 2017 but with higher tolerance for slower growth. The party also aim to reduce fiscal deficit to 2.6% from 3% last year, the first reduction since President Xi took over leadership in 2012. Despite the willingness to accept lower growth and enforce fiscal discipline, the party remains committed to support the new economy, which includes big data, artificial intelligence and electric cars. It was also mentioned that China will open its manufacturing sector completely and further improve market access to its financial services industry.
The much troubled Noble group finally defaulted on its bond in March. The coupon payment on its bond due March 2022 was missed. In addition, the company also missed the principal payment on its bond due March 2018. Though this is not unexpected; the default compounded on the bearish sentiment especially in the high yield space.
New issuance trading remain very active despite the fact that year to date supply is 7% lower than the same period last year – this is because sentiments have been cautious. The highlight during the quarter was the USD 4.95 multi tranche issue by ChemChina which performed well. This was one bright spot in an otherwise tentative market. It is widely expected that issuance will pick up significantly in Q2.
Annual Performance (% in USD) to 31 March 2018
Source: First State Investments
These figures refer to the past. Past performance is not a reliable indicator of future results. For investors based in countries with currencies other than the share class currency, the return may increase or decrease as a result of currency fluctuations. Source: Lipper & First State Investments, Nav-Nav (USD total return) as at 31 March 2018. Fund since inception date: 14 July 2003. Performance is based on First State Asian Quality Bond Fund Class I (USD - Acc Net of Fees) is the non-dividend distributing class of the fund. *The benchmark displayed is the JP Morgan Asia Credit Investment Grade Index.
Fund Positioning
Following the spread widening since February in both investment grade and high yield bonds, valuations have become more attractive while demand for new issues remains strong. Against this backdrop, we moved our investment grade positioning from neutral to a moderate long. We maintained our interest rate duration positioning at neutral as we expect US interest rates to remain stuck in a range. Our local currency bonds positions were also largely unchanged at around 3-4% of our portfolios. By countries, we remained overweight in high quality Singapore banks and Hong Kong corporates while underweighting the higher beta Indonesia and Philippines sovereign on tight valuations. Within China, we are overweight the investment grade property, short in technology while underweighting the banks and LGFVs (Local government financing vehicles). We are underweight India banks on tight valuations and have also recently reduced our exposure in Indian Corporates.
Investment Outlook (for Q2 2018)
As we start the 2nd quarter on the back of a dismal Q1 fixed income performance, one can’t help but feel nervous as the uncertain factors clouding the market do not look like dissipating anytime soon. While our optimism at the start of the year now looks misplaced, the positive trend of synchronised global growth and still accommodative central banks policies we identified remain intact. Though the ongoing trade war between the US and China looks set to intensify, the actual economic impact does not look too significant despite the damage it has done to market sentiments. As credit valuations are now looking more attractive after the sell-off despite solid fundamentals, staying the course, looking through the noises while identifying idiosyncratic relative value opportunities would be our key theme to extract value for this quarter.
There is no doubt the trade war between the US and China spooks the financial markets. However, it is too early to ascertain the true economic impact on the two nations given the retaliatory nature and also the interconnectivity of the world now. Trade wars are not new and if history is of any guide, there are very few winners, which leads to our belief that Trump is unlikely to take this too far especially when lawmakers from his own party are against him doing it. On the 8th March when Trump signed a presidential proclamation on adjusting imports of steel in the United States, he was surrounded by a carefully arranged group of factory workers. The very people who helped him get elected. This suggests that Trump’s recent moves could be part of his ploy to show his supporters he has been delivering on his promises ahead of the mid-term election later this year, without the real intention of letting it escalate into a full blown trade war with China.
The US-China spat is likely to have mixed effects on various Asian economies though overall economic impact effect on this region is likely to remain manageable. This is because overall trade trajectory is ultimately driven by global demand conditions, which up until now remain strong and is less likely to be derailed by trade wars. Should the trade war between US and China escalate from here, Taiwan, Singapore and South Korea will be the most exposed. However, these countries would also stand to benefit if US or China diversify to other import sources as a result of the higher tariffs. If a trade war persists for the longer term, higher tariffs will lead to diversification into alternative production bases, which means countries with favourable demographics and lower manufacturing costs such as Vietnam, Indonesia and the Philippines will benefit. What we are more worried about in Asia is that should this trade war drag on, sentiments will be affected
leading to tighter financial conditions, deferred domestic demand and ultimately slower economic growth.
On a more positive note, there were some encouraging developments following the China’s National People’s Congress that concluded recently on the 20th March. Whilst a 2018 growth target of 6.5% was maintained, emphasis has shifted to improving the quality of growth through moving up the value chain and implementing supply side reform. Budget deficit target is set at 2.6% of GDP, which is lower than the 2.9% in 2017 - a clear sign of improving financial discipline. There is also an increased focus on the effectiveness of fiscal stimulus and policy mix. Amid the deleveraging exercise in the past two years, M2³ growth has fallen from the previous double digits territory to 8.2% in 2017. While double digit M2 growth was excessive, the 8% handle will lend good support to the economy if it is maintained. Inflation target is left unchanged at 3%, which supports recently appointed People’s Bank of China’s governor Yi Gang’s commitment to keep monetary policies prudent and neutral. We do think the People’s Bank of China will guide the renminbi to move in line with the basket of currency used to manage its foreign exchange regime. We do not think currency will be used as a retaliation tool in the trade wars with the US as China would want a stable currency at a time when they are accelerating reforms to its capital accounts and opening up its financial service sector.
Our previous assessment of key economic trends in major economies remain unchanged. We expect the current synchronised growth in global economies to continue at least for the current quarter, which means the Fed will continue to hike interest rates whilst the ECB will continue tapering its QE program. However, as we approach the latter stage of the current economic expansion, we are of the opinion that growth in major economies could be as good as they get. We expect to see some moderation in growth in the second half of the year, which suggests both the Fed and the ECB will not be overly aggressive in normalising monetary policies, boding well for bond markets in general. Whilst the Fed cannot be any clearer in their forward guidance, the ECB rhetoric is what investors should be focusing on, even though we expect them to go slow. In this quarter, they are likely to start changing some of their forward guidance leading to a potential announcement in the third quarter on whether QE will end later in September 2018. They are then expected to start making changes to forward guidance on interest rates in September should they let their current asset purchase program expire. Any misstep in their communication is likely to bring about some volatility. Bunds and other European peripheral bonds are highly vulnerable as they still trade at very rich levels.
In summary, we expect that synchronised global growth will continue but will likely fade in the second half of the year. Monetary policies will remain accommodative and we focus more on the ECB. Trade wars will bring about more volatility and uncertainty but actual economic impact should not be too significant at this stage. Valuations in Asian credit is looking more attractive post the first quarter sell-off though we see more opportunities from an idiosyncratic basis and will continue to extract value from new issues and relative value trades.
³ Calculation of money supply that includes all elements of M1 as well as “near money.” M1 includes cash and checking deposits, while near money refers to savings deposits, money market securities, mutual funds and other time deposits.
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